Painting is a visual art in which pigments, colors and other mediums are applied to a solid surface, typically canvas or paper. Paints may be applied directly to the surface with a brush, but other implements such as sponges and airbrushes are often used. The practice of painting allows artists to express ideas, emotions and messages. It is one of the oldest and most popular forms of art, and has been practiced by civilizations throughout history.
The practice of painting has developed over the centuries, and has become an important part of culture in every region of the world. From ancient Mesopotamian temple wall paintings to modern abstractions, there is an astounding variety of painting styles and techniques. Many modern paintings are created using a combination of oil and acrylics. Oil paints are thick and opaque, while acrylics are transparent. The use of both can give a painting a sense of depth and dimension.
The ancients painted everything they saw in their everyday lives, from fellow tribesmen and animals to hunting and nature scenes. Early paintings were made on rock faces and walls, with primitive paints such as earth paints, charcoal, black soot, herbal pomace and clay. Brushes were usually made from animal hair or the end of a finger.
By the late fifteenth century in Europe, the innovation of using oils, such as linseed, opened up new possibilities for artists. The range of colors available also expanded, from mineral and plant extracts to a wide variety of modern synthetic pigments. At the same time subject matter grew to include almost all aspects of life (genres).
A painting’s subject matter is an important consideration in its artistic value. Themes and subjects are numerous, and may include historical, literary, allegorical and religious subjects. History painting, for example, was once widely revered as the highest form of art. Often these works illustrated episodes from Biblical, classical or medieval history, but could also be allegories of social, political and philosophical issues.
Painting can also be decorative, with a focus on creating patterns or ornamentation on the surface of the canvas or paper. In this case, the painter will use brushes to create various shapes and outlines in order to achieve the desired effect. Decorative painting was especially popular in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
For the best results when painting, it is recommended to have a basic knowledge of color theory and composition. This includes understanding the principles of light and shadow, the use of contrast and the importance of line. It is also helpful to know the different types of brushes and how to use them.
It is also suggested that artists try to paint in a quiet place, free of distractions. It is also helpful to listen to music while painting, and some even suggest that a certain type of music can influence the outcome of a painting. For example, some artists suggest listening to calming or inspirational music to encourage creativity, while others prefer the sound of rainfall, thunder or ocean waves.